Laparoscopy

In this procedure, the physician introduces an instrument called a laparoscope through a small abdominal incision in order to see the reproductive organs. This procedure requires general anesthesia, and is associated with a moderate amount of discomfort after the procedure. Surgical corrections of some pelvic problems are possible through laparoscopy.

Hysteroscopy

Here the physician passes a lighted telescope called a hysteroscope through the cervix to provide a direct visual evaluation of the uterine cavity and to treat certain abnormalities of the uterus such as polyps or fibroids.

Surgical therapies

Some infertility is caused by a physical blockage or structural problems in the reproductive organs. This may be caused by adhesions or scar tissue from endometriosis, infection, previous surgery or a congenital abnormality. These conditions may be treated by a variety of surgical procedures:

• an operative laparoscopy
• operative hysteroscopy
• or laparotomy, in which an incision in the lower abdomen allows a surgeon to see and inspect for problems.